At 1500 UTC on November 25, Nina moved ashore along the southern tip of Luzon at its peak intensity. [32] In Bacacay, situated to the southeast of Legaspi, all but 15 of the town's 200 dwellings were leveled. Throughout the Philippines, approximately 114,000 people sought shelter, approximately 90,000 houses were destroyed, leaving more than 150,000 homeless. [4] According to the JMA, however, Nina never re-intensified. Thirty minutes earlier, the Shimantan Reservoir reached its maximum capacity and collapsed. [16] The worst effects of the storm were felt in Matnog,[23] where 287 people drowned due to storm surge. Nina’s trek across Taiwan also left 25 people dead and 168 injured. The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) at 0100 UTC on November 19 due to a significant increase in organization. [25], Elsewhere, seven casualties occurred in the Laguna province, while one person perished each in San Pablo, Batangas, Marinduque and Mindoro Oriental. Initially, convection waxed and waned, but on November 17, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started tracking the system. It entered the Formosa Straits as a weak typhoon, making another landfall near Jinjiang, Fujian. Moving west-northwest, Nina attained tropical storm intensity that evening. In all, 62 dams failed during the disaster, causing large temporary lakes and $1.2 billion (1975 USD) in damage. At least 229,000 people died after the Banqiao Dam collapsed (in Zhumadian, Henan Province, China) and devastated areas downstream. In Bacacay, 18 of the village's 200 homes were destroyed. [9] In all, damage from the storm totaled $54.5 million (1987 USD),[38][nb 3] $7.9 million of which occurred along the Bicol Region. [4], Typhoon Nina accelerated slightly as it traversed the open waters of the Philippine Sea. Aliquam vel justo id purus facilisis ultricies. [5][nb 1] Continuing to rapidly become better organized while moving west-northwest, the cyclone was classified as a tropical depression by the JTWC at midday. Over 1,000 people were rendered homeless[13] while roughly 1,000 homes were damaged. A significantly weakened Nina (peak winds 110 km/h [69 mph]) made a second landfall as a tropical storm near Jinjiang Fujian, China on 3 August. [3] The stationary thunderstorm system brought heavy rainfall, causing the infamous collapse of the Banqiao Dam. The Shimantan Dam was built to withstand a 500-year flood, and had a flood storage capacity of 70.4 million cubic meters (the equivalent of 28.2 thousand Olympic swimming pools) and a height of 109.7 m (360 ft). The disturbance, Tropical Disturbance 04W, moved southwestward for 36 hours as surface and upper-air circulation became more organized and vertically aligned. It then moved northwest before shifting north and arriving in the east-central province of Henan on 5 August. [9] However, midday on November 24, Nina entered a phase of explosive intensification , at a rate of 1.33 mbar (0.039 inHg) an hour. [1], The storm began to weaken as it went across the island's central mountain range, sparing the most populated areas from the eyewall. [29] Five others were killed in the Masbate province,[30] and one died in Marinduque. The typhoon slowly decreased in intensity as it approached the island, making landfall near the coastal city of Hualien on 3 August with maximum surface winds of 184 km/h (115 mph). [36] The American Red Cross also provided $24,000 worth of aid to post-storm victims. In the capital of Weno, 85% of dwellings and 50% of government buildings were damaged. [20] It was the strongest system to strike the archipelago since Typhoon Irma in 1981. [25] Around 11,000 lb (5,000 kg) of rice was donated for use in eight provinces,[25] and on December 1, an additional 35,000 lb (16,000 kg) of aid was airlifted to the region. Widespread heavy rainfall, peaking around 700 mm (28 in), from the storm triggered deadly flooding and landslides which killed 29 people and injured 168 others. Nina underwent explosive development on the late hours of August 1. Across the Chuuk Lagoon, four people were killed and damage ranged from $30–$40 million (1987 USD). A tropical cyclone must reach winds of at least 64 knots or 74 miles (119 km) per hour in order to be considered a typhoon. It began to turn to the northwest afterward. [10] Throughout the atoll, four lives were lost,[12] including a woman and a 14-year-old boy killed by a falling breadfruit tree and an 11-year-old girl died after her leg was struck by a piece of flying metal. [8] Across the island, domestic flights, trains, and bus services were all suspended due to the storm; however, Taipei Songshan Airport remained open for international flights. Approximately 1,060 millimeters (41.7 inches) of rain fell during those three days. Highest one-minute sustained winds: 207 mph (335 kph) … Typhoon Nina originated from an area of convection near the Marshall Islands in mid-November 1987. During this time, the cyclone posed a serious threat to Southern China and Hong Kong; but instead, Nina veered northward while gradually weakening;[4] by midday on November 27, the JMA had reduced the intensity of Nina to 130 km/h (80 mph). At this time, the system developed deep convection as well as good outflow. Mitigation and Preparation to Response and Recovery, 2013 Hurricane Webinar Series for Educators, upper-air circulation became more organized and vertically aligned. Although no eye was visible on satellite imagery, radar imagery indicated that an eye was present, but cloud-filed; henceforth, the JTWC increased the intensity of Nina to 185 km/h (115 mph), equivalent to a weak Category 3 hurricane. Aircraft reconnaissance reported a 65 hPa drop of pressure, increasing from a mere 65 kn (75 mph, 120 km/h) to 130 kt (150 mph, 240 km/h) the day after. Late on November 20, Nina passed through the Chuuk Lagoon. On July 29, 1975, a tropical disturbance arose from a trough line in the Philippine Sea. Reports from the island indicate that 3,000 homes were damaged or destroyed by the typhoon. [9], Due to the interaction with the mountains of Taiwan, Nina weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall in mainland China. Max wind speed 260km/h. Nock-Ten, known locally as Typhoon Nina, is expected to cause sea surges of more than two metres, with winds of more than 200 kilometres per hour. [25] Although there were no deaths, Samar Island also suffered severe damage. The storm produced more rainfall in 24 hours than an average year’s worth of rain in the Henan Province, 800 millimeters (31.5 inches). The heaviest rainfall was recorded along the Banqiao Dam where 1,631 mm (64.2 in) of rain fell, 830 mm (33 in) of which fell in a six-hour span. [4] Despite this, the JMA only increased the intensity slightly to 170 km/h (105 mph). [5] By 0000 UTC on November 27, the low and mid level circulations began to decouple, deeply thwarting many JTWC forecasters. [10] These rains led to the collapse of the Banqiao Dam, which received 1-in-2000-year flood conditions. [16] Numerous other flights were delayed. Flood diversions and other systems downstream could not handle the rushing waters; dikes collapsed, creating huge lakes. The town of Matnog sustained the worst damage from the typhoon, where 287 people died. After its initial status as a disturbance, Tropical Depression 04W was designated and moved southwestward for 36 hours as the structure of the system began to organize. By Dai Qing By November 30, Nina dissipated. The Catastrophic dam failures in China in August 1975 It was also reported that over 3,000 homes were at least partially collapsed, 39 fishing boats were sunk, and a 16,000 ton Korean freighter, The Sun Star, was capsized. A well defined trough line extending southeastward into the Philippine Sea spawned a disturbance on July 29. [4] On the evening of November 19, both the JTWC and the JMA upgraded the system to Tropical Storm, prompting JTWC to name the system as Nina, shortly after developing banding features. [5] After developing a well-defined eye, the JTWC reported that Nina attained its peak intensity of 270 km/h (170 mph), making it a low-end Category 5 system on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. The collapse of the dam due to heavy floods also caused a string of smaller dams to collapse, adding to the damage caused by the typhoon. Thus, the JTWC expected Nina to move into the Luzon Straits and rapidly transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. Typhoon Tip weakened after peaking with winds of 233 km/h (145 mph). http://books.google.com/books?id=yFiA5-Yqk_UC&pg=PA25&dq=Shimantan+dam#v=onepage&q=Shimantan%20dam&f=false, Wikipedia: Typhoon Nina "Super-typhoons are the equivalent of a strong Category 4 or 5 storm …
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